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Martial law and state of emergency in Turkey
Since 1940 Turkey has frequently been under extraordinary rule, either the whole of the country or specific provinces. According to Articles 119-122 of the 1982 Constitution the four types of extraordinary rule are martial law (''sıkıyönetim''), state of emergency (''olağanüstü hal'', OHAL), mobilization (''seferberlik'') and situation of war (''savaş hali'').
==History==
On 27 December 2001 constitutional law professor Dr. Zafer Üskül presented some details in the daily ''Radikal''.〔http://www.radikal.com.tr/haber.php?haberno=24855 Article accessed on 4 September 2009〕 The first law passed in 1940 was called law on extraordinary administration (''İdare-i Örfiye Kanunu''). It was replaced in 1971 by Martial Law.〔See the (text of Law 1402 ) (Turkish); accessed on 4 September 2009〕 The first law on state of emergency, mobilization and war was passed under military rule in 1983.〔〔The (complete text in Turkish of ''Olağanüstü hal kanunu'', law 2935 of 25 October 1983 ), promulgated in the Official Gazette on 27 October 1983; accessed on 4 September 2009〕
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